Haplogroup R and the Neanderthals

It is my theory that Haplogroup R is the genetic legacy of an infusion of Northern Neanderthal DNA via breeding.

The people we call Cro-Magnons are a hybrid of Homo Sapiens and Northern Neanderthals based on Haplogroup R 1 b.

The Cro-Magnons are the descendants of the R haplogroup that became the R 1 b Haplogroup.

The initial infusion of Neanderthal genes began at the point of the origin of Haplgroup R.

The ice age began 100,000 years ago but during the last Ice Age the mixed Neanderthal and Homo Sapiens population of Northern Europe were isolated and therefore the Northern European R 1 b haplogroups contain more Neanderthal DNA than the rest of the Haplogroup R.

The rest of Haplogroup spread out from the initial contact breeding point of the Homo Sapiens and Neanderthals and hence the neanderthal traits were diluted and disseminated into the wider homo sapiens gene pool.

Only in the North of Europe where the population remained isolated did the Haplogroup R 1 b evolve.

The Northern Neanderthals did not dissapear, they were absorbed into the incoming Homo Sapiens population that became haplogroup R and which then evolved to become haplogroup R 1 b.

It appears that the males of the Neanderthals passed on their DNA via Homo Sapiens females - as no M Haplogroups have so far revealed any Neanderthal DNA.

The change in the physical shape of the Cro-Magnon peoples was a result of this mixing of Homo Sapiens and Neanderthal DNA.

The Haplogroup R represents the moment the Cro-Magnons were created when they bred with Northern Neanderthals around 40-50,000 years ago.

There were three periods of interbreeding between modern humans and another human species.

One period of interbreeding occurred around 60,000 years ago in the eastern Mediterranean resulting in the Cro-Magnons who derived from a mixture of Homo Sapiens and Northern Neanderthals and created Haplogroup R. The Southern Neanderthals also bred with Homo Sapiens at this time in Asia and created the Oriental Haplogroups.

The other period of interbreeding occurred around 45,000 years ago in eastern Asia, where Homo Sapiens bred with Southern Neanderthals, the Denisovans, resulting in the injection of Denisovan DNA into the Homo Sapiens gene pool and creating the Melanesians.

The Third period of interbreeding happened during the last Ice Age when Haplogroup R 1 b arose in Northern Europe. This represents a massive infusion of Neanderthal DNA into the Cro-Magnon lineage.

The Cro-Magnon R 1 b haplogroup evolved into the various ethnic Nordic and Celtic sub sets of the R 1 b and associated haplogroup subtypes we see today.

The Keltoi ( Celtic Nordics ) and Skythai ( Slavs ) are the results of evolutions of the R 1 b haplogroup.

The Franco-Russian anthropologist Deniker divided the light-pigmented Northern Europeans into a race nordique and a race orientale.

Both Celtic Nordics and Slavs are descended from the Cro-Magnons.






























http://www.physorg.com/news184484254.html

The father of evolution Charles Darwin was a direct descendant of the Cro-Magnon people, whose entry into Europe 30,000 years ago heralded the demise of Neanderthals, scientists revealed in Australia Thursday.

Darwin, who hypothesised that all humans evolved from common ancestors in his seminal 1859 work "On the Origin of Species", came from Haplogroup R1b, one of the most common European male lineages, said genealogist Spencer Wells.

"Men belonging to Haplogroup R1b are direct descendants of the Cro-Magnon people who, beginning 30,000 years ago, dominated the human expansion into Europe and heralded the demise of the Neanderthal species," Wells said.

Director of the Genographic Project, an international study mapping the migratory history of the human species, Wells said they took a DNA sample from Darwin's great-great grandson Chris Darwin, 48, who lives on the outskirts of Sydney.

A trace of Darwin's "deep ancestry" showed his forefathers left Africa around 45,000 years ago, splitting into a new lineage 5,000 years later in Iran or southern Central Asia, Wells said.

"Before heading west towards Europe, the next mutation, which defined a new lineage, appeared in a man around 35,000 years ago,' he said.

"Approximately 70 percent of men in southern England belong to Haplogroup R1b, and in parts of Ireland and Spain that number exceeds 90 percent", he added.

Chris Darwin, whose great-grandfather was Darwin's astronomer son George, is a tour guide and adventurer in the Blue Mountains west of Sydney.

He migrated to Australia in 1986 and tests of his maternal DNA showed he was likely directly descended from the women who crossed the rugged Caucasus Mountains in southern Russia to reach the steppes of the Black Sea.

"The Genographic Project is incredibly important," Darwin said.

"The project is one way to show us the true story of humanity, of how we migrated across the world and that we are all related, tracing back to a small group of men and women who lived in Africa".

Wells was presenting the findings ahead of the project's annual scientific conference, bringing together representatives from 11 regional teams to discuss their work in Sydney.

There are currently 265,000 members of the public taking part in the project, which is an initiative of National Geographic, IBM and the California-based Waitt Family Foundation charity.

Participation kits can be bought online for 100 US dollars, and proceeds go towards the research and to indigenous language and cultural projects.

Where We Are On Race Today

Image - the Denisovans included in the list of races





Image - the races defined.



My theory that racial groups in the world today are the products of Homo Sapiens who had left Africa breeding with archaic human groups has been proved to be correct.

Racial groups represent archaic human breeding events.

The Cro-Magnon racial groups are the white modern Europeans. They evolved when Homo Sapiens left Africa and bred with Neanderthals in Northern Europe to produce the Cro-Magnons. The Neaderthals they bred with had also experienced racial differentiation as they adapated over hundreds of thousands of years to the Northern European climate. The Northern Neadnerthal group bred with Homo Sapiens and created the Cro-Magnons.

The Melanesian peoples are Homo Sapiens mixed with Denisovans.

The Chinese and Asians are those whose Homo Sapien or mixed Homo Sapien / Neanderthal ancestors bred with regional Neanderthal groups.

The Modern Africans are pure Homo Sapiens. They have no archaic DNA in them.

Hence what we define as 'races' are in fact speciation events where Homo Sapiens bred with one of the four early human groups.

There are four human races - and here I define for the first time what they are ;

A) The European Cro-Magnons

B) The Melanesian Denisovans

C) The Oriental Neanderthals

D) Homo Sapien Africans


All human racial groups derive from these four racial groups.

My theory will now re-write the entire basis of racial research.

These are the four human racial groups, each of which represent the four distinct human racial groups which derive from admixtures of archic human groups and Homo Sapiens.


Group A is the Homo Sapiens and Neaderthals mixture that took place in Northern Europe and which created the White Race. (1)


Group B is the group of Homo Sapiens who bred with the Denisovans and includes the Papuan New Guinea tribes and also the Aborigines of Australia. (2)


Group C is the Homo Sapiens who bred with East Asian Neanderthals. These are the Chinese, Hans etc. (3)


Group D is the Homo Sapiens from Africa who have no archaic human DNA. (4)




(1) http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/07/080715204741.htm


(2) http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/health-science/meet-the-denisovans-indigenous-australias-siberian-kin/story-e6frg8y6-1225975312349



(3) http://news.discovery.com/history/neanderthal-human-mating.html


(4) http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/07/science/07neanderthal.html







All the four racial groups are defined by Y male haplogroup lineages.

They are listed below ;

Y LINEAGES OF THE RACES.



1) MIXED DENISOVAN HAPLOGROUPS ;

Haplogroup CF (P143)

Haplogroup C (M130, M216) Found in Asia, Oceania, and North America

Haplogroup C1 (M8, M105, M131) Found in Japan

Haplogroup C2 (M38) Found in Indonesia, New Guinea, Melanesia, Micronesia, and
Polynesia

Haplogroup C3 (M217, P44) Found throughout Eurasia and North America, but especially among Mongols, Kazakhs, Tungusic peoples, Paleosiberians, and Na-Dené-speaking peoples

Haplogroup C4 (M347) Found in the indigenous peoples of Australia

Haplogroup C5 (M356) Found in South Asia, Central Asia, and Southwest Asia

Haplogroup S (Y-DNA) M230,P202, P204 (formerly K5) Found in eastern Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and Melanesia ( These are mixed melanesians. They are an offshoot of Northern Neanderthal Y DNA that became the Haplogroup R. The early Neanderthal Y haplogroup DNA in the population was later merged with the Y Denisovan DNA which is present in those populations. )






2) Oriental Neanderthals Haplogroups ;

Haplogroup D

Haplogroup DE (M1/YAP, M145/P205, M203/Page36, P144, P153, P165, P167, P183)

Haplogroup D (M174) Found in Tibet, Japan, the Andaman Islands

Haplogroup D1 (M15)

Haplogroup D2 (M55, M57, M64.1, M179, P37.1, P41.1 (M359.1), 12f2.2)

Haplogroup D3 (P99)



F1 (P91, P104)

F2 (M427, M428)

F3 (P96)

F4 (P254)

Haplogroup G (Y-DNA) M201, P257 Found in Europe, Western Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, and North Africa

Haplogroup H (Y-DNA) M69, M370 Found in South Asia, Central Asia, and Southwest Asia

Haplogroup IJK L15/S137, L16/S138 Found in Europe, Western Asia, North Africa and East Africa

Haplogroup IJ M429/P125 Found in Europe, Western Asia, North Africa and East Africa

Haplogroup I (Y-DNA) M170, M258, P19, P38, P212, U179 Found in Europe

Haplogroup J (Y-DNA) 12f2.1, M304 Found in Europe, Western Asia, North Africa and
East Africa

Haplogroup K (Y-DNA) M9 Found all over Eurasia, North Africa, Oceania, East Africa, and the Americas

Haplogroup LT (Y-DNA) L298/P326

Haplogroup L (Y-DNA) M11, M20, M22, M61, M185, M295 Found in the Indian subcontinent

Haplogroup T (Y-DNA) M70, M184/USP9Y+3178, M193, M272 (formerly K2) Found in Southwestern Asia, South Asia (East & South India), North Africa (Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco), the Horn of Africa (Somalia, Ethiopia), Cameroon (the Fulani), Southern Europe (Iberia, Italy, Greece and their associated islands)

Haplogroup K(xLT) M526

Haplogroup M (Y-DNA) P256 Found in eastern Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and Melanesia

Haplogroup NO M214

Haplogroup N (Y-DNA) M231 Found in Eastern Europe, North Asia, and East Asia

Haplogroup O (Y-DNA) M175 Found in Oceania and East Asia

Haplogroup P (Y-DNA) 92R7, M45, M74/N12, P27.1/P207

Haplogroup Q (Y-DNA) M242 Found in the Americas and Eurasia





3 ) Cro-Magnon Haplogroups ;

Haplogroup R (Y-DNA)





4) AFRICANS Haplogroups ;

Haplogroup A

Haplogroup B

Haplogroup E (M40, M96) Found in Africa and neighbouring areas

Haplogroup E1 (P147)

Haplogroup E1a (formerly E1) (M33, M132)

Haplogroup E1b (P177)

Haplogroup E1b1 (formerly E3) (P2, DYS391p)

Haplogroup E1b1a (formerly E3a) (M2) Found in Western, Middle, Eastern, and Southern Africa

Haplogroup E1b1b (formerly E3b) (M215) Found in East Africa (Ethiopians, Somalis), North Africa (Berbers, Arabs, Tuareg,[4] Sahrawi), the Middle East, Europe (esp. areas near the Mediterranean Sea)

Haplogroup E2 (M75)

My New Race Theory - Origins

The evidence mounts that racial differences are the result of inheriting Neanderthal DNA.

Take white skin ;

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_people#Origins_of_light_skin

Skin color is a quantitative trait that varies continuously on a gradient from dark to light, as it is a polygenic trait, under the influence of several genes. Many of these genes have yet to be identified. However, two genes that are known to contribute to skin color are MC1R and SLC24A5.[35] The mutation resulting in the light skin version of the SLC24A5 gene has been estimated to have originated in Europe between 6,000 and 12,000 years ago, indicating that at least one of the genes responsible for pale skin colour in Europeans arose relatively recently.[41]

Mixed ancestry people of African-European descent who possess one or two copies of the European allele of the SLC24A5 gene have skin color that is significantly lighter than mixed ancestry people who possess only the African allele. It is estimated, based on this observation, that the SLC24A5 locus "explains between 25–38% of the European-African difference in skin melanin index".[38][42][43][44]


Therefore it appears that only a quarter of the whiteness of white skin relates to the SLC24A5 genes that evolved in the last 12,000 years.

That means 75 % of the whiteness can from other genes, as yet not analysed.

I suggest that 75 % of the genes for whiteness came from Neanderthal DNA and that positive sexual selection and natural selection created the SLC24A5 genes which evolved later on in Cro-Magnons.

Whiteness began with the Neanderthals as trait which had evolved in the Neaderthal population over the hundreds of thousands of years they had been living in Northern Europe, and when they bred with early Homo Sapiens that the genes for whiteness were inherited by the Cro-Magnons.

This led to the Cro-Magnons evolving more 'white genes' alongside the ones they had inherited from their Neanderthal ancestors.

It all fits.

White people are archetypically distinguished by light skin. Scientists discovered a skin-whitening mutation that largely explains the first appearance of white skin in humans between 20,000–50,000 years ago.

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/15/AR2005121501728.html

In this paper it states " The work also reveals for the first time that Asians owe their relatively light skin to different mutations. That means that light skin arose independently at least twice in human evolution, in each case affecting populations with the facial and other traits that today are commonly regarded as the hallmarks of Caucasian and Asian races. "

This therefore tallies with the fact that the Neanderthal DNA suggests that there were two breedings with Homo Sapiens.

The gene did not arise 'independently' it means that there were two infusions of genes from Neanderthals that led to the white gene being inherited.

The first was with Asian Neanderthals who bred with Homo Sapiens around 50,000 years ago.

The second, I believe , was when another group of Homo Sapiens left Africa and bred with the Northern Neanderthals to become Cro-Magnons and this led to the birth of the White Race.

Those genes have since evolved to become the racial genes that pass on the racial features we see today.

Note the date when the white gene is estimated to have evolved in whites ;

" Although precise dating is impossible, several scientists speculated on the basis of its spread and variation that the mutation arose between 20,000 and 50,000 years ago. That would be consistent with research showing that a wave of ancestral humans migrated northward and eastward out of Africa about 50,000 years ago. "

This period when the white gene 'evolved' was when the Cro-Magnons evolved - and it was the period when the Neaderthals bred with Homo Sapiens after they left Africa.

The white gene did not evolve, it was passed to the Homo Sapiens who became Cro-Magnons around 40,000 years ago by breeding with the Northern Neanderthals.

This then fits us into the time window re blonde hair and blue eyes - and links us back to the Neanderthals again.


This is my theory.


The first group of Homo Sapiens left Africa around 50,000 years ago.

One group of Homo Sapiens met the Asian Neanderthal group in the North African region and bred with them - this led to the race group of the modern East Asians.

This is also why the Neaderthals in Asia disappeared around 50,000 years ago as they merged with the Homo Sapiens. These Asian Neanderthals had evolved to become a racial sub set of the Neanderthals living in that region and this is why the Homo Sapiens / Neanderthals who are Modern East Asians have different racial features to modern Cro-Magnon Whites.

Then around 40,000 years ago another group of Homo Sapiens moved out of Africa and into Northern Europe and met the Northern Neanderthal groups living in that region.

This group of Neanderthals were genetically different to the Neanderthals of Asia as they had evolved to become adjusted to the Northern European climate ( Neanderthals also had 'racial group's just as whites are genetically different to asians , Neanderthals also had racial differences ) and the Homo Sapiens in Northern Europe then bred with that group of Northern Neanderthals.

The Northern Neanderthals then vanished as they merged with the Homo Sapiens and became Cro-Magnons who evolved around 35,000 years ago.

This then explains ;

1) where the Neanderthals went - they became us

2) why both East Asians and whites have Neanderthal DNA but have different racial features as they derive from different Neanderthal groups - the East Asians inherited their yellow skin and racial features from the Asian Neanderthals.

The Neanderthals had themselves evolved into different Neanderthal racial sets over their 600,000 year evolutionary period of existence.

For example the Oase fossils which include a 40,000-year-old skull found in a Romanian cave that defies traditional anatomical categorization. Though the skull has the proportions of a modern human cranium, it has a retreating forehead and large upper molars among other features typical of Neandertals (SN: 3/24/07, p. 186). A similar jaw had previously been found at the site.

http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/58936/title/Neandertal_genome_yields_evidence_of_interbreeding_with_humans

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C5%9Ftera_cu_Oase

The Oase Fossils, which seem to be at least three separate Human / Neaderthal groups or three different Neanderthal groups with different features proves that there were racial sub sets amongst the Neanderthal groups and different Neanderthal / Homo Sapien matings in history.

This is why modern East Asians have different features to modern Cro-Magnons, as the Neanderthal groups they evolved from were racially different Neanderthal groups.

3) where white skin, blonde hair and blue eyes came from which was the Northern Neanderthal group. These racial features were only in the Northern Neanderthal population.

4) that the SLC24A5 white genes arose in the Cro-Magnon group around 12,000 years ago. This is why whites have lighter skin than East Asians and why the SLC24A5 genes are only present in whites derived from Cro-Magnons.


Thats it.

This explains exactly where race and racial differences in modern Homo Sapiens comes from.

Daily Mail = propaganda on race

Image - Neanderthal Child.





I made a mistake a few days ago.

I read a Daily Mail article and did not bother, due to being busy, reading the original report.

I have now.

In the article I wrote on the new DNA evidence that showed human and neanderthals bred I used the Daily Mail article as the basis of my thesis here ;

http://leejohnbarnes.blogspot.com/2010/04/cro-magnons-and-neanderthals.html


But the Daily Mail put in a single, but very important, lie in their report.

Here is the lie ;

" The two events happened after our ancestors migrated out of Africa to colonise the rest of the world. The researchers found evidence of interbreeding between Neanderthals and modern Africans - supporting the theory."

Here is what the report actually says ;

http://www.nature.com/news/2010/100420/full/news.2010.194.html

" Using projected rates of genetic mutation and data from the fossil record, the researchers suggest that the interbreeding happened about 60,000 years ago in the eastern Mediterranean and, more recently, about 45,000 years ago in eastern Asia. Those two events happened after the first H. sapiens had migrated out of Africa, says Long. His group didn't find evidence of interbreeding in the genomes of the modern African people included in the study. "


So the Daily Mail printed lies, a lie in direct contradiction to what the DNA evidence says - which is that whilst Modern Europeans share archaic Neanderthal DNA along with Eastern Asian people, Modern African populations DO NOT share any DNA with Neanderthals.

Therefore we now see that Modern Africans are an archaic Homo Sapiens species, whilst Modern Europeans who descended from Cro-Magnons are a fusion of Homo Sapiens and Neanderthals and are a separate human species.

Modern Africans, Modern East Asians and Modern Europeans are in fact three human species.

What we call RACE is in fact the beginning of a SPECIATION.

The racial differences between White Europeans, East Asians and Africans relates exactly to the presence of Neanderthal DNA in the phenotypes of those racial groups.

Cro-Magnons, the descendants of the first interbreeding around 60,000 years ago are Modern White Europeans.

East Asians are the descendants of the second interbreeding around 45,000 years ago.

Modern Africans are the descendants of the original Homo Sapiens population.

Therefore to be exact Modern White Europeans should be defined as Cro-Magnons - Homo Sapiens / Neanderthal Hybrids, not as Homo Sapiens.

The Modern Europeans are a 'Mixed Race Group' whose DNA is a mixture of archaic Homo Sapiens and Neanderthals, whilst Modern Africans are a 'pure group' of archaic Homo Sapiens.

We are in fact three distinct human species.

In fact it appears that the Cro-Magnons are themselves the direct branch of the first interbreeding which occurred around 60,000 years ago which is when the Cro-Magnons appeared in Europe.

The fact is that the DNA evidence shows that the reason why the Cro-Magnons managed to colonise Northern Europe, which was a bastion of the Neanderthals, is because they were part Neanderthal and hence acclimatised to the climate of Northern Europe, just as the Neanderthals were.


It appears that the Multi-Regional Theory is correct.

There is not one human species - there are three.

Racial differences relate to different breedings with Neanderthals.

The entire liberal myth on us all being the same is a lie.

The entire history of humanity has to be re-written.

Everything you have been told is a lie.

No wonder the Daily Mail lied.

Venus Figurine and Cro-Magnons

Note the comments at the end of the article below stating that this beautiful art is representative of a change in the cognitive abilities of Cro-Magnons in Europe.

This development is the increase of Mirror Neurones in the brains of Cro-Magnons and hence is still present in the modern European racial group.





http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/visual_arts/article6282102.ece

May 14, 2009

Prehistoric female figure ‘earliest piece of erotic art uncovered’
(H.Jensen/AFP/Getty Images)

This mammoth ivory carving from 35,000 years ago may be the oldest know example of figurative art


A piece of Prehistoric pornography carved from mammoth ivory at least 35,000 years ago may be the oldest known example of figurative art.

The female figurine, which stands 6cm (2.4in) tall, has outsized breasts, huge buttocks, exaggerated genitals and open legs.

The Venus of Hohle Fels takes her name from the cave in southern Germany where she was unearthed last year.

Nicholas Conrad, of the University of Tübingen, told the journal Nature that there could be little question of the carver’s intent. “There can be no doubt that the depiction of oversized breasts, accentuated buttocks and genitalia results from the deliberate exaggeration of the sexual features of the figurine.”

Paul Mellars, of the University of Cambridge, wrote in a commentary for Nature: “The figure is explicitly — and blatantly — that of a woman, with an exaggeration of sexual characteristics, large, projecting breasts, a greatly enlarged and explicit vulva, and bloated belly and thighs, that by 21st-century standards could be seen as bordering on the pornographic.”

He added: “It is clear that the sexually symbolic dimension in European, and indeed worldwide, art has a long ancestry in the evolution of our species.”

While abstract designs carved into pieces of ochre are known from at least 75,000 years ago in Africa, Dr Conrad said: “This figurine was produced at least 35,000 calendar years ago, making it one of the oldest known examples of figurative art.”

The Venus has radically changed archaeologists’ views of the context and meaning of the earliest Palaeolithic, or Stone Age, art, he added.

The figure is at least 5,000 years older than similar figurines found in the same part of Germany. Dr Mellars said that the sexual imagery was consistent with other carvings made at a similar time, such as depictions of the vulva scratched on rocks in western France and phallic symbols made out of bone.

The figure is headless and a ring placed where the head would be suggets that it was worn as a pendant.The ivory has been discoloured a reddish brown over thousands of years.

Dr Mellars said that the discovery shed important new light on the art and belief systems of the Aurignacian period, during which Homo sapiens spread through Europe.

Aurignacian art generally features animals or figures that are half-human and half-animal. Representations of a duck-like bird, a horse’s head and a human body with the head of a lion were found in Hohle Fels cave in 2003 and dated to about 30,000 years ago. Dr Conrad said that the Venus challenged previous views that “strong aggressive animals or shamanistic depictions dominate the Aurignacian art of Swabia, or even of Europe as a whole”.

Dr Mellars said that the discovery added to the evidence that “fully representational, figurative art seems at present to be a European phenomenon, without any documented parallels in Africa or elsewhere earlier than about 30,000 years ago”.

This, he said, could potentially be linked to the evolution of the modern human brain.

“How far this ‘symbolic explosion’ associated with the origins and dispersal of our species reflects a major, mutation-driven reorganisation in the cognitive capacities of the human brain — perhaps associated with a similar leap forward in the complexity of language, remains a fascinating and contentious issue.”

Cro-Magnons, Mirror Neurones and Altruism

For a while I have been working on a theory that links the Cro-Magnons, Western Culture and altruism. It is my theory that the basis of human altruism and our capacity for creating complex and advanced social structures and cultures is due to the increase in the numbers of mirror neurones in the human brain and the increased connections between the mirror neurones and the neo-cortex.


This theory is based on the Mirror Neurone. Mirror Neurones are those neurones in the brain that fire when we view the actions of others. The firing of the neurones triggers an empathic response in the brain of the viewer. This is the basis of advanced cultural development, as the more complex technology in any human society then more complex behaviours are required to produce that technology. A flint napped into a knife is a supreme peice of complex technology. In order to produce a flint knife, and to teach someone else to make a similar flint knife, requires an astonishing level of intelligence, memory, culture and ability to learn and mimic behaviours.

Mirror Neurones are the tools that allow the human ability for high intelligence, organised memory and the ability to mimic complex behaviours.

Following on from the Triune Brain Theory of Howard Bloom and Paul MacLean, I propose that in fact there are in fact five major brain structures relating to the different speciations in the evolutionary path of humanity. The ongoing process of human speciation in action is the Cro-Magnon structural change in the brain of those descendants of Cro-Magnons that increased both the density of mirror neurones and also increased the connections between them. This evolutionary change is primarily present within the indigenous European peoples descended from the Cro-Magnon tribal group present within Europe approximately 50,000 years ago, and whose descendants are primarily indigenous Europeans.

Five Brain structure

Brain 1 = The R Complex = relating to the snake and lizard level of our evolutionary path = controls hunger, thirst, temperature, fight or flight - fear - related to territoriality - The Reptilian Brain. The R-complex, also known as the "Reptilian Brain", includes the brain stem and cerebellum. The term "Reptilian brain" comes from the fact that a reptile's brain is dominated by the brain stem and cerebellum which controls instinctive survival behavior and thinking. This is similar in humans. This brain controls the muscles, balance and autonomic functions (e.g. breathing and heartbeat)[1]; thus it is primarily reactive to direct stimuli.



Brain 2 = Limbic system wrapped around brain 1 = The mammalian brain structure. MacLean first introduced the term "limbic system" in a paper in 1952. This portion of the brain derives from "the old mammalian brain". The limbic system is the source of emotions and instincts (e.g.. feeding, fighting, fleeing, and sexual behaviour). When this part of the brain is stimulated, such as by mild electric current, emotions are produced.

MacLean observed that everything in the limbic system is either "agreeable or disagreeable." Survival is based upon the avoidance of pain (disagreeable) and the recurrence of pleasure (agreeable).

The limbic system comprises the amygdala, the hypothalamus, and the hippocampus. The limbic system must interact with the neocortex in some way. The limbic system cannot function entirely on its own. It needs to interact with the neocortex to process the emotions.



Brain 3 = Neo-Cortex wrapped around brain 2 = The Primate brain structure = higher levels of social organisation. The neocortex, also known as the cerebral cortex, is similar to the brain of higher mammals and controls higher-order thinking skills, reason and speech


Brain 4 = Broca area develops in Homo Sapiens. Change from primates to humans which led to a massive growth in Homo Sapiens of the Neo-Cortex and the development of the Broca area of the brain in Homo Sapiens. Only 1.6 % difference between apes and man in terms of genetics, and most of that difference is in the brain. In humans the neo-cortex is massive compared to apes. This also allowed a massive growth in the density of Mirror Neurones in the increased size of the Neo-Cortex. This allowed increased social development and greater group co-operation. This is the period of the Chomsky brain change theory that led to creation of human potential for language. This was also the primitive language structures for primitive community structures eg nuclear family groups. The neocortex, also known as the cerebral cortex, is similar to the brain of higher mammals and controls higher-order thinking skills, reason and speech

Brain 5 = Mirror Neurone Theory that relates to the Cro-Magnons of Europe.


The Cro-Magnon Revolution.

The movement of Homo Sapiens into Europe required greater social organisation and future planning than that required in the environments adjacent to Northern Europe. The individuals that comprised the original Cro-Magnon population probably descended from an East Africa origin via South Asia, Central Asia, the Middle East and even North Africa from a genetic perspective no less than a 150,000 - 100,000 years ago according to mitochondrial DNA evidence.

In order to survive in the different environments, then natural selection and culture development evolved as one. The fittest and most clever survived on average longer than the unfit and the stupid.

The fittest and most intelligent of those that entered the European wilderness and who adapted fastest and most succesfully to their environment survived the longest.

The long winters in the North required the plotting of the seasons etc due to harsher environmental conditions. As natural selection worked on saving the fittest and most intelligent of the proto-Indo-Europeans the connections linked to the Brocas Area of the brain were changed. The slow changes in the wiring and size of the mirror neurone system within the brains of those within the proto-Cro-Magnon tribal groups were passed on genetically down the line of the generations and eventually facilitated a moment of punctuated equilibrium. An inheritable genetic trait occured that allowed a change in the brain structures of the Cro-Magnons to be passed on.

This genetic change allowed a rapid explosion of complex cultural developments in Cro-Magnon societies that then spread to all other Homo Sapiens groups who were capable of mimicking those advanced human behaviours and cultures. The capacity for imitation and meme storage were increased in the Cro-Magnon leap forward and the original human neo-cortex underwent structural changes at the same time as the amalygdala also underwent structural change. The human neo-Cortex is able to recognise racial differences, as well as the amalygdala, at the level of the unconscious as detected in brain scans.

In experiments between individuals from different racial groups, when whites are shown photographs of blacks the amalygdala fires in a way that is different when shown a picture of another white person. The same thing happens when blacks are shown photographs of whites, the brain of the black person is different when shown photographs of other other blacks. THEY BOTH SHOW LESS FEAR OF THOSE FROM THEIR OWN RACIAL GROUP, THAN THEY SHOW FOR THOSE OUTSIDE THEIR RACIAL GROUP.

The fact that both whites and blacks showed less activity in the Amaygdala when looking at others of their racial groups is because the Mirror Neurones are aware that the 'other' is related to the 'Self', in other words that they recognise racial kinship and genetic kinship. This unconscious recognition then activates the altruism response based on genetic kinship AS THEY NO LONGER FEAR THE OTHER. The basis of Group Selection and altruism depends upon the ability of the mirror neurones to recognise both fellow members of the group and non-members of the group.

The structures of the Mirror Neurones in the Neo-Cortex reflect the oneness with the other white person and hence ‘dampen‘ the firing of the fear response in the Amygdala.

The amalygdala unconsciously recognises the racial differences between individuals and then the neo-cortex consciously reflects that these racial differences exist directly into the consciousness. This means the Cro-Magnon brain must have experienced changes both in the structures of the amalygdala and the neo-cortex that expressed this active ability to differentiate between Cro-Magnons and other racial groups.

The fact that both whites and blacks recognise the differences unconsciously between racial groups, proves that this difference is based on changes in brain structure predicated on identifying racial differences. A priori therefore racial differences exist not just at the level of the physical human form eg skin colour but also within the brain itself and at the level of inherited genetics. We inherit our ability to recognise racial differences.

This change in the structure of the brain to explictly recognise racial difference is also linked to IQ difference and other structural brain changes between the racial groups. The changes in the Cro-Magnon brain in relation mirror neurone density and connections to the neo-cortex allowed their brains to store more complex memes, process them and transmit them via those changes in the Mirror Neurone structures. The more complex the links between the mirror neurones and the density of mirror neurones in the neo-cortex the more complex behaviours and complex cultures and technologies are available.

There is a fundamental difference between memory, intelligence and memes.

Memory is information based on past experiences related to the instinct and instinctive reactions processed in the Amalygdala (this I define as Wisdom, and is the stored memories of the unconscious at all levels of speciation. We have five different 'intelligences' that operate within the brain at the same time ;

1) The Serpent consciousness of the R Complex.

2) The Dolphin consciousness of the Limbic system

3) The Ape consciousness of the primate Neo-Cortex

4) The Human consciousness related to the Brocas area of the brain and increase in mirror neurone density in neo-cortex

5) The Cro-Magnon consciousness related to changes in links between mirror neurone density, the amalygdala, the Hippocampus and the neo-cortex.

Intelligence relates to the immediate ability of the consciousness to process and utilise new information and new experiences (Knowledge) within the Hippocampus.

The capacity of the brain to create, store and transmit complex Memes relates to the ability of the brain to fuse past learned experiences (wisdom) and new information (knowledge) into creating and passing on new technologies and cultures. This ability is located and based on the changes in the broca area and Mirror Neurone structures of the Neo-Cortex that occured in the early humans.

It was the change in the Mirror Neurone structures relating to the ability to create, store and transmit complex Memes that linked the amalygdala, the neo-cortex and the hippocampus that formed the basis of the Brain 5 evolution of the Cro-Magnons.

This change in the capacity of Cro-Magnon brains to create, store and transmit Memes allowed rapid transmission of complex Memes amongst Cro-Magnons creating the new human cultures called the Great Leap Forward.

Though this change occured in the Cro-Magnon peoples, it has since spread via genetic drift to many other racial groups in the world as a result of Cro-Magnon and indigenous European migration over the last 50,000 years since the adaption occurred so the drift of the adaption is quite prevalent I suspect.

This link between genes and culture is why many technologically complex African nations and socieities once under the European empires have since 'crashed' in the ebb of imperialism. As the whites left Africa then the complex white cultures thay created and sustained also collapsed. The unique complex technological cultures of Europe derived from the Cro-Magnons are not able to be sustained once the Europeans are removed from Africa eg as is happening in Zimbabwe etc.

All racial groups express their own'natural' culture and level of social and technological complexity.

The fact that blacks and whites regard whites each as different racial groups at the unconscious level of the Amalygdala, and whites and black both see fellow whites and blacks as similar at the level of the Amalygdala, is proof that the brain structures of both whites and blacks are different - if not then why does the Amalygdala register racial differences ?

I suspect that the creation of the capacity for the Proto-Cro-Magnon Language that came into being around 50,000 BC and that evolved into Proto-Indo European about 15,000 years ago and then into the Indo-European language around 8000 years ago, is also linked to further changes in the mirror neurone structures related to the Brocas area of the brain.

European civilisation is a product of Cro-Magnons and only the presence of the indigenous European Cro-Magnon peoples sustains European technological society.

Once the creators and guardians of a Meme or are a culture are gone, then the Meme is lost. The culture disappears when the creators of that culture dissapear.

A change in the wiring of the Cro-Magnon brain allowed the creation of new advanced cultural memes and allowed them to be spread, disseminated and sustained. Once the Cro-Magnons go, then the Cultures they protect as memes in their minds via the mirror neurones vanish rapidly.

A 2003 study on Cro-Magnon and Neanderthal mitochondrial DNA, published by an Italo-Spanish research team led by David Caramelli, concluded that Neanderthal man was far outside the modern human range, while Cro-Magnon people were not just inside but well in the average of modern Europeans. This is proof that most modern Europeans are descendants of the Cro-Magnons.

mtDNA retrieved from 2 Cro-Magnon specimens was identified as Haplogroup N. Haplogroup N is found amongst modern day populations of the Middle East, North Africa and Central Asia and its descendant haplogroups can be seen amongst modern Europeans, Eurasians, East Asians and Native American populations.